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Plato: Organicism Organicism is the position that the universe is orderly and alive, much like an organism. According to Plato, the Demiurge creates a living and intelligent universe because life is better than non-life and intelligent life is better than mere life. It is the perfect animal. In contrast with the Darwinian view that the emergence of life and mind are accidents of evolution, the Timaeus
Relational Models Theory Relational Models Theory is a theory in cognitive anthropology positing a biologically innate set of elementary mental models and a generative computational system operating upon those models. The computational system produces compound models, using the elementary models as a kind of lexicon. The resulting set of models is used in understanding, motivating, and evaluating social relationships and social structures. The elementary models
Gettier Problems Gettier problems or cases are named in honor of the American philosopher Edmund Gettier, who discovered them in 1963. They function as challenges to the philosophical tradition of defining knowledge of a proposition as justified true belief in that proposition. The problems are actual or possible situations in which someone has a belief that is both true and well supported by evidence, noch
Political Constructivism Political Constructivism is a method for producing and defending principles of justice and legitimacy. It is most closely associated with John Rawls’ technique of subjecting our deliberations about justice to certain hypothetical constraints. Rawls argued that if all of us reason in the light of these conditions we could arrive at the same judgment about justice. Darüber hinaus, our shared judgment about justice is
Konfuzius (551–479 v. Chr.) In China besser bekannt als „Master Kong“ (chinesisch: Kongzi), Konfuzius war ein chinesischer Denker des fünften Jahrhunderts v. Chr., dessen Einfluss auf die Geistes- und Sozialgeschichte Ostasiens unermesslich ist. Als kulturelle Symbolfigur, er wurde abwechselnd idealisiert, vergöttlicht, entlassen, verunglimpft, und im Laufe der Jahrtausende von asiatischen und nicht-asiatischen Denkern und Regimen rehabilitiert. Angesichts seiner außergewöhnlichen Wirkung auf Chinesisch, Koreanisch, japanisch, und
Meaning and Communication Communication is crucial for us as human beings. Much of what we know or believe we learn through hearing or seeing what others say or express, and part of what makes us human is our desire to communicate our thoughts and feelings to others. A core part of our communicative activity concerns linguistic communication, where we use the words and sentences of