Ismailitische Philosophie Der Ismailismus gehört zur schiitischen Hauptströmung des Islam. Aktuelles Stipendium, basierend auf einer sorgfältigeren Analyse der Primärquellen, hat gezeigt, wie das ismailitische Denken in ständiger Interaktion mit bekannten Strömungen der islamischen Philosophie stand und diese in gewissem Maße beeinflusste, Theologie, und Mystik. Die schiitische und ismailitische Philosophie nutzt Ta’wil als Werkzeug zur Interpretation der Heiligen Schrift. Dieser koranische Begriff bedeutet „zurückgehen“.

Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592) Michel de Montaigne, der französische Essayist des 16. Jahrhunderts, ist eine der bekanntesten literarischen und philosophischen Figuren der Spätrenaissance. Das einzige Buch, das er geschrieben hat, Die Essays von Michel de Montaigne, ist kein traditionelles Werk der Philosophie. Die Arbeiten daran begannen um 1572, er veröffentlichte die erste Ausgabe im Jahr 1580. Anschließend veröffentlichte er vier davon

Epistemic Modality Epistemic modality is the kind of necessity and possibility that is determined by epistemic constraints. A modal claim is a claim about how things could be or must be given some constraints, such as the rules of logic (logical modality), moral obligations (deontic modality), or the laws of nature (nomic modality). A modal claim is epistemic when these constraints are epistemic in nature,

Giambattista Vico (1668—1744) Giambattista Vico is often credited with the invention of the philosophy of history. Speziell, he was the first to take seriously the possibility that people had fundamentally different schema of thought in different historical eras. So, Vico became the first to chart a course of history that depended on the way the structure of thought changed over time. To illustrate the difference

Aristoteles: Politics In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristoteles (384-322 v. Chr.) describes the happy life intended for man by nature as one lived in accordance with virtue, und, in his Politics, he describes the role that politics and the political community must play in bringing about the virtuous life in the citizenry. The Politics also provides analysis of the kinds of political community that existed in his time and shows where

Marsilio Ficino (1433—1499) Marsilio Ficino was a Florentine philosopher, translator, and commentator, largely responsible for the revival of Plato and Platonism in the Renaissance. He has been widely recognized by historians of philosophy for his defense of the immortality of the soul, as well as for his translations of Plato, Plotin, and the Hermetic corpus from Greek to Latin. Ficino is considered the most important