Contemporary Skepticism Philosophical views are typically classed as skeptical when they involve advancing some degree of doubt regarding claims that are elsewhere taken for granted. Varieties of skepticism can be distinguished in two main ways, depending upon the focus and the extent of the doubt. As regards the former, skeptical views typically have an epistemological form, in that they are focused on the epistemic status

Ich habe Sadra (c. 1572–1640) Mulla Sadra leistete während der Safawidenzeit wichtige Beiträge zur islamischen Metaphysik und zur schiitischen Theologie (1501-1736) in Persien. Er begann seine Karriere im Kontext einer aufstrebenden Kultur, die Elemente aus der persischen Vergangenheit mit dem neu institutionalisierten Schiismus und den Sufi-Lehren verband. Mulla Sadra war der Erbe einer langen Tradition der islamischen Philosophie, die es von Anfang an gab

Virtue Epistemology Virtue epistemology is a collection of recent approaches to epistemology that give epistemic or intellectual virtue concepts an important and fundamental role. Virtue epistemologists can be divided into two groups, each accepting a different conception of what an intellectual virtue is. Virtue reliabilists conceive of intellectual virtues as stable, reliable and truth-conducive cognitive faculties or powers and cite vision, introspection, memory, und das

African Sage Philosophy The Sage Philosophy Project began in the mid-1970s at the Department of Philosophy of the University of Nairobi Kenya. At the University, Henry Odera Oruka (1944-1995) popularized the term “Sage Philosophy Project,” and closely related terms such as “philosophic sagacity,” both by initiating a project of interviewing African sages, and by naming this project in a widely read popular article as the

Imagery and Imagination Both imagery and imagination play an important part in our mental lives. This article, which has three main sections, discusses both of these phenomena, and the connection between them. The first part discusses mental images and, insbesondere, the dispute about their representational nature that has become known as the imagery debate. The second part turns to the faculty of the imagination,