Adolf Lindenbaum photo by permission of the Archives of the University of Warsaw Adolf Lindenbaum was a Polish mathematician and logician who worked in topology, set theory, metalogic, general metamathematics and the foundations of mathematics. He represented an attitude typical of the Polish Mathematical School, consisting of using all admissible methods, independently of whether they were finitary. Zum Beispiel, the axiom of choice was freely

Was die Wissenschaft sonst noch an Zeit benötigt Dieser Artikel ist eine der beiden Ergänzungen des Hauptartikels Zeit. Die andere ist „Häufig gestellte Fragen zur Zeit“. Inhaltsverzeichnis Was sind Theorien der Physik? The Core Theory Relativity Theory Quantum Theory The Standard Model Big Bang Cosmic Inflation Eternal Inflation and the Multiverse Infinite Time 1. Was sind Theorien der Physik? The answer to

Causal Role Theories of Functional Explanation Functional explanations are a type of explanation offered in the natural and social sciences. In giving these explanations, researchers appeal to the functions that a structure or system has. Zum Beispiel, a biologist might say, “The kidney has the function of eliminating waste products from the bloodstream.” Or a sociologist might say, “The purpose of monogamy is to preserve the

Immanuel Kant: Logic For Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), formal logic is one of three paradigms for the methodology of science, along with mathematics and modern-age physics. Formal logic owes this role to its stability and relatively finished state, which Kant claims it has possessed since Aristotle. Kant’s key contribution lies in his focus on the formal and systematic character of logic as a “strongly proven” (apodictic) doctrine.

Epiphenomenalism Epiphenomenalism is a position in the philosophy of mind according to which mental states or events are caused by physical states or events in the brain but do not themselves cause anything. It seems as if our mental life affects our body, und, via our body, the physical world surrounding us: it seems that sharp pains make us wince, it seems that fear makes

Edmund Husserl: Intentionality and Intentional Content Edmund Husserl (1859–1938) was an influential thinker of the first half of the twentieth century. His philosophy was heavily influenced by the works of Franz Brentano and Bernard Bolzano, and was also influenced in various ways by interaction with contemporaries such as Alexius Meinong, Kasimir Twardowski, and Gottlob Frege. In his own right, Husserl is considered the founder of