Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712—1778) Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the most influential thinkers during the Enlightenment in eighteenth century Europe. His first major philosophical work, A Discourse on the Sciences and Arts, was the winning response to an essay contest conducted by the Academy of Dijon in 1750. In dieser Arbeit, Rousseau argues that the progression of the sciences and arts has caused the corruption of

Faith: Historical Perspectives Traditionally, faith and reason have each been considered to be sources of justification for religious belief. Because both can purportedly serve this same epistemic function, it has been a matter of much interest to philosophers and theologians how the two are related and thus how the rational agent should treat claims derived from either source. Some have held that there can be

Ludwig Wittgenstein: Later Philosophy of Mathematics Mathematics was a central and constant preoccupation for Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951). He started in philosophy by reflecting on the nature of mathematics and logic; und, at the end of his life, his manuscripts on these topics amounted to thousands of pages, including notebooks and correspondence. Im Jahr 1944, he said his primary contribution to philosophy was in the philosophy of

Erkenntnistheorie und Relativismus Erkenntnistheorie ist, grob, Die philosophische Erkenntnistheorie, seine Art und sein Umfang. Welchen Status haben erkenntnistheoretische Behauptungen?? Relativisten betrachten den Status von (zumindest einige Arten von) erkenntnistheoretische Ansprüche als, in gewisser Weise, relativ – das heißt, dass die Wahrheiten, die (einige Arten von) Die erkenntnistheoretischen Behauptungen, die angestrebt werden, sind relative Wahrheiten. Selbst beschriebene Relativisten variieren, manchmal dramatisch, wie sie

Personalism Personalism is any philosophy that considers personality the supreme value and the key to the measuring of reality. Its American form took root in the late nineteenth century, flowered in the twentieth century, and continues its life in the twenty-first century. Noch, those roots can be traced to Europe and back through Western philosophy to the Mediterranean basin. Aber, Personalism did not originate exclusively in