Die Sicherheitsbedingung für Wissen Eine Reihe von Erkenntnistheoretikern haben eine notwendige Bedingung für Wissen verteidigt, die mittlerweile als „Sicherheitsbedingung“ bezeichnet wird. Timothy Williamson, Duncan Pritchard, und Ernest Sosa sind die führenden Verfechter der Sicherheit. Diesen Autoren zufolge kennt ein Agent S eine wahre Aussage P nur dann, wenn S nicht leicht fälschlicherweise an P hätte glauben können. Es entsteht Uneinigkeit, Jedoch, mit

Political Philosophy of Alasdair MacIntyre This article focuses on Alasdair MacIntyre’s contribution to political philosophy since 1981, although MacIntyre has also written influential works on theology, Marxism, Rationalität, Metaphysik, Ethik, and the history of philosophy. He has made a personal intellectual journey from Marxism to Catholicism and from Aristotle to Aquinas, and he is one of the preeminent Thomist political philosophers. The most consistent and

Cognitive Relativism Cognitive relativism asserts the relativity of truth. Because of the close connections between the concept of truth and concepts such as knowledge, Rationalität, und Rechtfertigung, cognitive relativism is often taken to encompass, or imply, the relativity of these other notions also. So, epistemological relativism, which asserts the relativity of knowledge, may be understood as a version of cognitive relativism, or at least as

Platonism and Theism This article explores the compatibility of, and relationship between, the Platonic and Theistic metaphysical visions. According to Platonism, there is a realm of necessarily existing abstract objects comprising a framework of reality beyond the material world. Platonism argues these abstract objects do not originate with creative divine activity. Traditional Theism contends that God is primarily the creator and that God is the

Contrary-to-Duty Paradox A contrary-to-duty obligation is an obligation telling us what ought to be the case if something that is wrong is true. Zum Beispiel: ‘If you have done something bad, you should make amends’. Doing something bad is wrong, but if it is true that you did do something bad, it ought to be the case that you make amends. Here are some other

The Evidential Problem of Evil The evidential problem of evil is the problem of determining whether and, if so, to what extent the existence of evil (or certain instances, kinds, quantities, or distributions of evil) constitutes evidence against the existence of God, das heißt, a being perfect in power, knowledge and goodness. Evidential arguments from evil attempt to show that, once we put