Anselm of Canterbury (1033—1109) Saint Anselm was one of the most important Christian thinkers of the eleventh century. He is most famous in philosophy for having discovered and articulated the so-called “ontological argument;” and in theology for his doctrine of the atonement. Aber, his work extends to many other important philosophical and theological matters, among which are: understanding the aspects and the unity of the

Plato: Political Philosophy Plato (c. 427-347 B.C.E.) developed such distinct areas of philosophy as epistemology, Metaphysik, Ethik, und Ästhetik. His deep influence on Western philosophy is asserted in the famous remark of Alfred North Whitehead: “the safest characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato.” He was also the prototypical political philosopher whose ideas had a

Wissen durch Bekanntschaft und Wissen durch Beschreibung Unsere eigenen Schmerzerfahrungen sind uns besser bekannt als die biochemische Struktur unseres Gehirns. Einige Philosophen sind der Ansicht, dass dieser Unterschied auf unterschiedliche Arten von Wissen zurückzuführen ist: Wissen durch Bekanntschaft und Wissen durch Beschreibung. Ich kenne meine eigenen Erfahrungen aus erster Hand oder direkt; wohingegen ich nur aus zweiter Hand oder indirekt über mein Gehirn Bescheid weiß

Charles Hartshorne: Biography and Psychology of Sensation Charles Hartshorne is widely regarded as having been an important figure in twentieth century metaphysics and philosophy of religion. His contributions are wide-ranging. He championed the aspirations of metaphysics when it was unfashionable, and the metaphysic he championed helped change some of the fashions of philosophy. He counted some well-known scientists among his friends, and he embraced the

The Ethics of Economic Sanctions Economic sanctions involve the politically motivated withdrawal of customary trade or financial relations from a state, organisation or individual. They may be imposed by the United Nations, regional governmental organisations such as the European Union, or by states acting alone. Although economic sanctions have long been a feature of international relations, the end of the Cold War in the late

Charles Darwin (1809–1882) Charles Darwin is primarily known as the architect of the theory of evolution by natural selection. With the publication of On the Origin of Species in 1859, he advanced a view of the development of life on earth that profoundly shaped nearly all biological and much philosophical thought which followed. A number of prior authors had proposed that species were not static