Capital Punishment Capital punishment, or “the death penalty,” is an institutionalized practice designed to result in deliberately executing persons in response to actual or supposed misconduct and following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that the person is responsible for violating norms that warrant execution. Punitive executions have historically been imposed by diverse kinds of authorities, for an expansive range of conduct, for political or

Modern Chinese Philosophy The term “modern Chinese philosophy” is used here to denote various Chinese philosophical trends in the short period between the implementation of the constitutional “new policy” (1901) and the abolition of the traditional examination system (1905) in the late Qing (Ch’ing) dynasty and the rise and fall of the Republic of China in mainland China (1911-1949). As an ancient cultural entity, China

Giordano Bruno (1548–1600) Giordano Bruno war ein italienischer Philosoph der Spätrenaissance, dessen Schriften die fortdauernden Traditionen umfassten, Absichten, und Errungenschaften seiner Zeit auf und übertrug sie in die Frühe Neuzeit. Aufgreifen der mittelalterlichen Praxis der Erinnerungskunst und der formalen Logik, Er konzentrierte sich auf die Kreativität des menschlichen Geistes. Bruno kritisierte und transformierte eine traditionelle aristotelische Naturtheorie und

Conceptual Role Semantics In the philosophy of language, conceptual role semantics (hereafter CRS) is a theory of what constitutes the meanings possessed by expressions of natural languages, or the propositions expressed by their utterance. In the philosophy of mind, it is a theory of what constitutes the contents of psychological attitudes, such as beliefs or desires. CRS comes in a variety of forms, not always

Libertarianism What it means to be a “libertarian” in a political sense is a contentious issue, especially among libertarians themselves. There is no single theory that can be safely identified as the libertarian theory, and probably no single principle or set of principles on which all libertarians can agree. Dennoch, there is a certain family resemblance among libertarian theories that can serve as a framework