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John Calvin (1509—1564) One can scarcely imagine a figure with a greater reputation for disapproval of philosophy than John Calvin. The French expatriate penned some of the most vitriolic diatribes against philosophy and its role in scholastic theology ever written. So, in one way, this reputation is rather well-earned, and an article upon Calvin in an encyclopedia of philosophy can be rather brief. Aber, in
The Yablo Paradox The Yablo Paradox implies there is no way to coherently assign a truth value to any of the sentences in the countably infinite sequence of sentences, each of the form, “All of the subsequent sentences are false.” Specifically, the Yablo Paradox arises when we consider the following infinite sequence of sentences: The Yablo sequence of sentences seem paradoxical in the
Rudolf Hermann Lotze (1817–1881) Hermann Lotze was a key figure in the philosophy of the second half of the nineteenth century, influencing practically all the leading philosophical schools of the late nineteenth and the coming twentieth century, einschließlich (Ich) the neo-Kantians; (Ii) Brentano and his school; (iii) The British idealists; (iv) William James’s pragmatism; (v) Husserl’s phenomenology; (vi) Dilthey’s philosophy of life; (vii) Frege’s new
Medieval Theories of Aesthetics The term ‘aesthetics’ did not become prominent until the eighteenth century in Germany; Jedoch, this fact does not prevent principles of aesthetics from being present in the Middles Ages. Developments in the Middles Ages paved the way for the future development of aesthetics as a separate discipline. Building on notions from antiquity (most notably Plato and Aristotle) through Plotinus, the medieval thinkers
Skeptical Theism Skeptical theism is the view that God exists but that we should be skeptical of our ability to discern God’s reasons for acting or refraining from acting in any particular instance. Besonders, says the skeptical theist, we should not grant that our inability to think of a good reason for doing or allowing something is indicative of whether or not God might
Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) Martin Heidegger gilt weithin als einer der originellsten und bedeutendsten Philosophen des 20. Jahrhunderts, bleibt aber einer der umstrittensten. Sein Denken hat zu so unterschiedlichen Bereichen wie der Phänomenologie beigetragen (Merleau-Ponty), Existentialismus (Sartre, Ortega und Gasset), Hermeneutik (Gadamer, Ricoeur), politische Theorie (Arendt, Marcuse, Habermas), Psychologie (Chef, Binswanger, Rollo May), und Theologie (Bultmann, Rahner, Tillich). Seine Kritik