Virtue Epistemology Virtue epistemology is a collection of recent approaches to epistemology that give epistemic or intellectual virtue concepts an important and fundamental role. Virtue epistemologists can be divided into two groups, each accepting a different conception of what an intellectual virtue is. Virtue reliabilists conceive of intellectual virtues as stable, reliable and truth-conducive cognitive faculties or powers and cite vision, introspection, memory, und das

John Duns Scotus (1266–1308) John Duns Scotus, along with Bonaventure, Aquin, and Ockham, is one of the four great philosophers of High Scholasticism. His work is encyclopedic in scope, yet so detailed and nuanced that he earned the epithet “Subtle Doctor,” and no less a thinker than Ockham would praise his judgment as excelling all others in its subtlety. In opposition to the prevailing thought

The Third Earl of Shaftesbury (1671—1713) Anthony Ashley Cooper, the Third Earl of Shaftesbury (1671-1713) was an English philosopher who profoundly influenced 18th century thought in Britain, Frankreich, and Germany. As a part of an important social circle of English Freethinkers along with early deists such as John Toland, Matthew Tindal, and Anthony Collins, Shaftesbury’s work had a significant influence on French deists such as

Harold Henry Joachim (1868–1938) Harold Henry Joachim (1868-1938) war ein kleiner idealistischer Philosoph, der in der neohegelianischen Tradition arbeitete, die die britische Philosophie am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts dominierte. Zu der Zeit, Diese Tradition spaltete sich in zwei Hauptlager: persönlicher Idealismus und absoluter Idealismus. Joachim gehörte zum letzteren Lager, dessen prominentester Vertreter F. war. H. Bradley. Obwohl Joachim schon oft dort war

The Classical Theory of Concepts The classical theory of concepts is one of the five primary theories of concepts, the other four being prototype or exemplar theories, atomistic theories, theory-theories, and neoclassical theories. The classical theory implies that every complex concept has a classical analysis, where a classical analysis of a concept is a proposition giving metaphysically necessary and jointly sufficient conditions for being in