Hölle in Philosophie und Theologie, das Wort „Hölle,„im allgemeinsten Sinne, bezieht sich auf einen schlechten Post-Mortem-Zustand. Das englische Wort leitet sich offenbar von einem indogermanischen Wort ab, das „bedecken“ bedeutet,“, was mit der Beerdigung verbunden ist, und im weiteren Sinne, mit einem „Ort der Toten“. Berichte über die Natur der Hölle beschreiben diese Dimensionen: Die Dauer der Hölle: Ist es vorübergehend oder dauerhaft?? Der

Knowledge of Language People are language users: they read, write, speak, and listen; and they do all of these things in natural languages such as English, Russian, and Arabic. Many philosophers and linguists have been interested in knowing what accounts for this facility that language users have with their language. A language may be thought of as an abstract system, characterized either as a set

Inconsistent Mathematics Inconsistent mathematics is the study of commonplace mathematical objects, like sets, numbers, and functions, where some contradictions are allowed. Tools from formal logic are used to make sure any contradictions are contained and that the overall theories remain coherent. Inconsistent mathematics began as a response to the set theoretic and semantic paradoxes such as Russell’s Paradox and the Liar Paradox—the response being that

Edward Caird (1835—1908) A Scottish philosopher of the latter half of the nineteenth century, Edward Caird was one of the key figures of the idealist movement that dominated British philosophy from 1870 until the mid 1920s. Best known for his studies of Kant and Hegel, he argued that “Kantian philosophy is only a first stage, though of course a necessary stage, in the transition of philosophy

The Brain in a Vat Argument The Brain in a Vat thought-experiment is most commonly used to illustrate global or Cartesian skepticism. You are told to imagine the possibility that at this very moment you are actually a brain hooked up to a sophisticated computer program that can perfectly simulate experiences of the outside world. Here is the skeptical argument. If you cannot now be

Vasubandhu (fl. 4. oder 5. Jh. C.E.) Vasubandhu war ein bekannter buddhistischer Lehrer und eine der wichtigsten Figuren in der Entwicklung des Mahyna-Buddhismus in Indien. Allerdings wird er von späteren Buddhisten besonders als Mitbegründer der Yogcra-Schule zusammen mit seinem Halbbruder Asanga bewundert, seine Vor-Yogcra-Werke, wie der Abhidharmakosha und sein Autokommentar (Abhidharmakoshashya) darauf, gelten als Meisterwerke. Er