Arthur Schopenhauer: Logik und Dialektik für Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), Die Logik als Disziplin gehört zum menschlichen Vernunftvermögen, genauer gesagt zur Sprachfakultät. Diese Disziplin der Logik gliedert sich in zwei Bereiche. Logik oder Analytik sind eine Seite der Medaille; Dialektik oder Überredungskunst ist das andere. Ersteres untersucht regelorientierte und monologische Sprache. Letzteres untersucht ergebnisorientierte Sprache

Evidence The concept of evidence is crucial to epistemology and the philosophy of science. In der Erkenntnistheorie, evidence is often taken to be relevant to justified belief, where the latter, im Gegenzug, is typically thought to be necessary for knowledge. Wohl, dann, an understanding of evidence is vital for appreciating the two dominant objects of epistemological concern, nämlich, knowledge and justified belief. In the philosophy of

Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900—2002) Hans-Georg Gadamer was a leading Continental philosopher of the twentieth century. His importance lies in his development of hermeneutic philosophy. Hermeneutik, “the art of interpretation,” originated in biblical and legal fields and was later extended to all texts. Martin Heidegger, Gadamer’s teacher, completed the universalizing of the scope of hermeneutics by extending it beyond texts to all forms of human understanding. Daher

Emile Meyerson (1859—1933) Emile Meyerson, a chemist and philosopher of science, proposed that the explanations of science are governed by two fundamental principles of reason, nämlich, the principle of lawfulness and the principle of causality. While the contents of explanations change through history as the explanatory theories of science move from early atomism and qualitative theories to relativity physics and quantum mechanics, the form of

Buddha (c. 500s B.C.E.) The historical Buddha, also known as Gotama Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, and Buddha Śākyamuni, was born in Lumbini, in the Nepalese region of Terai, near the Indian border. He is one of the most important Asian thinkers and spiritual masters of all time, and he contributed to many areas of philosophy, including epistemology, metaphysics and ethics. The Buddha’s teaching formed the foundation

Richard Rorty (1931—2007) Richard Rorty was an important American philosopher of the late twentieth and early twenty-first century who blended expertise in philosophy and comparative literature into a perspective called “The New Pragmatism” or “neopragmatism.” Rejecting the Platonist tradition at an early age, Rorty was initially attracted to analytic philosophy. As his views matured he came to believe that this tradition suffered in its own