Hegel: Social and Political Thought Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) is one of the greatest systematic thinkers in the history of Western philosophy. In addition to epitomizing German idealist philosophy, Hegel boldly claimed that his own system of philosophy represented an historical culmination of all previous philosophical thought. Hegel’s overall encyclopedic system is divided into the science of Logic, the philosophy of Nature, and the philosophy

Plato: The Laws The Laws is Plato’s last, longest, und, womöglich, most loathed work. The book is a conversation on political philosophy between three elderly men: an unnamed Athenian, a Spartan named Megillus, and a Cretan named Clinias. These men work to create a constitution for Magnesia, a new Cretan colony. The government of Magnesia is a mixture of democratic and authoritarian principles that aim

Transmission and Transmission Failure in Epistemology An argument transmits justification to its conclusion just in case, grob, the conclusion is justified in virtue of the premises’ being justified. An argument fails to transmit justification just in case, grob, the conclusion is not justified in virtue of the premises’ being justified. An argument might fail to transmit justification for a variety of uncontroversial reasons, wie zum Beispiel

Ethical Expressivism Broadly speaking, the term “expressivism” refers to a family of views in the philosophy of language according to which the meanings of claims in a particular area of discourse are to be understood in terms of whatever non-cognitive mental states those claims are supposed to express. Genauer gesagt, an expressivist theory of claims in some area of discourse, D, will typically affirm both

Paulo Freire (1921–1997) Von Slobodan Dimitrov – eigene Arbeit CC BY-SA 3.0 Paulo Freire war einer der einflussreichsten Bildungsphilosophen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Er arbeitete mit ganzem Herzen daran, Menschen zu helfen, sowohl durch seine Philosophie als auch durch seine Praxis der kritischen Pädagogik. Ein gebürtiger Brasilianer, Freires Ziel war es, den Analphabetismus unter Menschen aus zuvor kolonisierten Ländern und Kontinenten auszurotten. Seine Erkenntnisse waren verwurzelt

Animals and Ethics What place should non-human animals have in an acceptable moral system? These animals exist on the borderline of our moral concepts; the result is that we sometimes find ourselves according them a strong moral status, while at other times denying them any kind of moral status at all. Zum Beispiel, public outrage is strong when knowledge of “puppy mills” is made available;