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Diogenes of Sinope (c. 404—323 B.C.E.) The most illustrious of the Cynic philosophers, Diogenes of Sinope serves as the template for the Cynic sage in antiquity. An alleged student of Antisthenes, Diogenes maintains his teacher’s asceticism and emphasis on ethics, but brings to these philosophical positions a dynamism and sense of humor unrivaled in the history of philosophy. Though originally from Sinope, the majority of
Joseph Butler (1692—1752) Bishop Joseph Butler is a well-known religious philosopher of the eighteenth century. He is still read and discussed among contemporary philosophers, especially for arguments against some major figures in the history of philosophy, such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. In his Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel (1729), Butler argues against Hobbes’s egoism, and in the Analogy of Religion (1736),
Der Kompaktheitssatz Der Kompaktheitssatz ist ein grundlegender Satz für die Modelltheorie der klassischen Aussagen- und Logik erster Ordnung. Darüber hinaus ist es in mehreren Bereichen der Mathematik von Bedeutung, wie Algebra und Kombinatorik, Es hilft auch, die Stärke dieser Logiken zu bestimmen, Dies sind die in der Mathematik üblichen und wohl die wichtigsten in der Philosophie. Der Schwerpunkt liegt bei
Sengzhao (Seng-Chao c. 378—413 C.E.) Sengzhao (Seng-Chao) was a Buddhist monk who lived during China’s “Period of Disunity” between the stability of the Han and Tang dynasties. His Zhaolun (Treatises of [Seng]zhao) is perhaps the most significant text for the study of early Mādhyamika (“middle-ist”) or Sanlun (“Three-Treatise”) Buddhism in China. His work may be the only extensive compilation of early Chinese Mādhyamika treatises available,
Alfred Schutz (1899—1959) Alfred Schutz philosophized about social science in a broad signification of the word. He was deeply respectful of actual scientific practice, and produced a classification of the sciences; explicated methodological postulates for empirical science in general and the social sciences specifically; and clarified basic concepts for interpretative sociology in particular. His work shows how philosophy of the cultural sciences can be done
Autonomy Autonomy is an individual’s capacity for self-determination or self-governance. Beyond that, it is a much-contested concept that comes up in a number of different arenas. Zum Beispiel, there is the folk concept of autonomy, which usually operates as an inchoate desire for freedom in some area of one’s life, and which may or may not be connected with the agent’s idea of the moral