Ich habe Sadra (c. 1572–1640) Mulla Sadra leistete während der Safawidenzeit wichtige Beiträge zur islamischen Metaphysik und zur schiitischen Theologie (1501-1736) in Persien. Er begann seine Karriere im Kontext einer aufstrebenden Kultur, die Elemente aus der persischen Vergangenheit mit dem neu institutionalisierten Schiismus und den Sufi-Lehren verband. Mulla Sadra war der Erbe einer langen Tradition der islamischen Philosophie, die es von Anfang an gab

Stoicism Stoicism originated as a Hellenistic philosophy, founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium (modern day Cyprus), c. 300 B.C.E. It was influenced by Socrates and the Cynics, and it engaged in vigorous debates with the Skeptics, the Academics, and the Epicureans. The name comes from the Stoa Poikile, or painted porch, an open market in Athens where the original Stoics used to meet and teach

Gender in Chinese Philosophy The concept of gender is foundational to the general approach of Chinese thinkers. Yin and yang, core elements of Chinese cosmogony, involve correlative aspects of “dark and light,” “female and male,” and “soft and hard.” These notions, with their deeply-rooted gender connotations, recognize the necessity of interplay between these different forces in generating and carrying forward the world. The major thinkers

Renaissance Skepticism The term “Renaissance skepticism” refers to a diverse range of approaches to the problem of knowledge that were inspired by the revitalization of Ancient Greek Skepticism in fifteenth through sixteenth century Europe. Much like its ancient counterpart, Renaissance skepticism refers to a wide array of epistemological positions rather than a single doctrine or unified school of thought. These various positions can be unified

Ehemalige Mitarbeiter Vielen Dank an: Bereichsredakteure Joseph Agassi (Philosophie der Wissenschaft) James R. Beebe (Erkenntnistheorie) David Boersema (Amerikanische Philosophie) Curtis Bowman (Philosophie des 19. Jahrhunderts) Douglas Burnham (Europäer des 19. Jahrhunderts) Jon Cogburn (Philosophie des Geistes) Roy Cook (Mathematik) Joel Dittmer (Werttheorie) James Dunson (Deutsch des 19. Jahrhunderts) Shawn Floyd (Mittelalterliche Philosophie) Valentin Goranko (Logik) John-Stewart Gordon (Ethik und Bioethik) Peter Gratton (Indigene Weltphilosophie) Jeff

Natural Law The term “natural law” is ambiguous. It refers to a type of moral theory, as well as to a type of legal theory, but the core claims of the two kinds of theory are logically independent. It does not refer to the laws of nature, the laws that science aims to describe. According to natural law moral theory, the moral standards that govern