Paraconsistent Logic A paraconsistent logic is a way to reason about inconsistent information without lapsing into absurdity. In a non-paraconsistent logic, inconsistency explodes in the sense that if a contradiction obtains, then everything (everything!) else obtains, zu. Someone reasoning with a paraconsistent logic can begin with inconsistent premises—say, a moral dilemma, a Kantian antinomy, or a semantic paradox—and still reach sensible conclusions, without completely exploding

Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics Quantum mechanics is a physical theory developed in the 1920s to account for the behavior of matter on the atomic scale. It has subsequently been developed into arguably the most empirically successful theory in the history of physics. Aber, it is hard to understand quantum mechanics as a description of the physical world, or to understand it as a physical explanation

Reduktionismus Reduktionisten sind diejenigen, die davon ausgehen, dass eine Theorie oder ein Phänomen auf eine andere Theorie oder ein anderes Phänomen reduzierbar ist. Zum Beispiel, Ein Reduktionist in Bezug auf Mathematik könnte jede gegebene mathematische Theorie als auf Logik oder Mengenlehre reduzierbar ansehen. Oder, Ein Reduktionist in Bezug auf biologische Einheiten wie Zellen könnte annehmen, dass solche Einheiten auf Ansammlungen physikalisch-chemischer Einheiten wie Atome und Moleküle reduzierbar seien. Der Typ

Olympe de Gouges (1748—1793) “Woman has the right to mount the scaffold; she must equally have the right to mount the rostrum” wrote Olympe de Gouges in 1791 in the best known of her writings The Rights of Woman (often referenced as The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen), two years before she would be the third woman beheaded during France’s

Aquinas: Philosophical Theology In addition to his moral philosophy, Thomas von Aquin (1225-1274) is well-known for his theological writings. He is arguably the most eminent philosophical theologian ever to have lived. To this day, it is difficult to find someone whose work rivals Aquinas’ in breadth and influence. Although his work is not limited to illuminating Christian doctrine, virtually all of what he wrote is shaped by