Art and Epistemology The relationship between art and epistemology has been forever tenuous and fraught with much debate. It seems fairly obvious that we gain something meaningful from experiences and interactions with works of art. It does not seem so obvious whether or not the experiences we have with art can produce propositional knowledge that is constituted by true justified belief. In what follows I

Kripke’s Wittgenstein Saul Kripke, in his celebrated book Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language (1982), offers a novel reading of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s main remarks in his later works, especially in Philosophical Investigations (1953) und, bis zu einem gewissen Grad, in Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics (1956). Kripke presents Wittgenstein as proposing a skeptical argument against a certain conception of meaning and linguistic understanding, as well as

Political Philosophy of Alasdair MacIntyre This article focuses on Alasdair MacIntyre’s contribution to political philosophy since 1981, although MacIntyre has also written influential works on theology, Marxism, Rationalität, Metaphysik, Ethik, and the history of philosophy. He has made a personal intellectual journey from Marxism to Catholicism and from Aristotle to Aquinas, and he is one of the preeminent Thomist political philosophers. The most consistent and

Benedikt von Spinoza: Metaphysik Baruch (oder, auf Latein, Benedikt) von Spinoza (1632-1677) war einer der bedeutendsten rationalistischen Philosophen der frühen Neuzeit, zusammen mit Descartes, Leibniz, und Malebranche. Spinoza ist in dieser Zeit auch der einflussreichste „Atheist“ in Europa. „Atheist“ bedeutete damals jemand, der die traditionellen biblischen Ansichten über Gott und seine Beziehung zur Natur ablehnte. In seinen meisten

Epistemic Modality Epistemic modality is the kind of necessity and possibility that is determined by epistemic constraints. A modal claim is a claim about how things could be or must be given some constraints, such as the rules of logic (logical modality), moral obligations (deontic modality), or the laws of nature (nomic modality). A modal claim is epistemic when these constraints are epistemic in nature,

John Dewey (1859–1952) John Dewey war ein führender Vertreter der amerikanischen Denkschule, die als Pragmatismus bekannt ist, eine Sichtweise, die die dualistische Erkenntnistheorie und Metaphysik der modernen Philosophie zugunsten eines naturalistischen Ansatzes ablehnte, der Wissen als Ergebnis einer aktiven Anpassung des menschlichen Organismus an seine Umwelt ansah. Aus dieser Sicht, Untersuchen sollte nicht so verstanden werden, dass es sich um einen Geist handelt