Karl Popper: Critical Rationalism “Critical Rationalism” is the name Karl Popper (1902-1994) gave to a modest and self-critical rationalism. He contrasted this view with “uncritical or comprehensive rationalism,” the received justificationist view that only what can be proved by reason and/or experience should be accepted. Popper argued that comprehensive rationalism cannot explain how proof is possible and that it leads to inconsistencies. Critical rationalism today

Jeanne-Françoise Frémyot, Baronne de Chantal (1572—1641) Canonized a Catholic saint in 1767, Jeanne de Chantal (Jane of Chantal) has rarely been the object of philosophical analysis. Bis vor kurzem, her influence has largely confined itself to the Visitation order she founded and to the network of schools sponsored by the Visitation nuns. Contemporary theologians, Jedoch, have studied her works from the perspective of spirituality. Her extensive

Thomas Reid: Philosophy of Mind This article focuses on the philosophy of mind of Thomas Reid (1710-1796), as presented in An Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense (1764) and Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man (1785). Reid’s action theory and his views on what makes humans morally worthy agents, although connected to philosophy of mind, are not explored here.

Biologiephilosophie ist der Zweig der Wissenschaftsphilosophie, der sich mit biologischem Wissen befasst. Es kann nicht nur von Philosophen praktiziert werden, sondern auch von Wissenschaftlern, die über ihre eigene Arbeit reflektieren. Das charakteristische Merkmal der Biologiephilosophie ist das Bestreben, Verallgemeinerungen über die Biologie zu erzielen, bis zu unterschiedlichen Graden. Zum Beispiel, Die Philosophie der Biologie macht die Biologie für die Klassik relevant

Consequentialism Consequentialism is the view that morality is all about producing the right kinds of overall consequences. Here the phrase “overall consequences” of an action means everything the action brings about, including the action itself. Zum Beispiel, if you think that the whole point of morality is (An) to spread happiness and relieve suffering, oder (b) to create as much freedom as possible in the