Thick Concepts A term expresses a thick concept if it expresses a specific evaluative concept that is also substantially descriptive. It is a matter of debate how this rough account should be unpacked, but examples can help to convey the basic idea. Thick concepts are often illustrated with virtue concepts like courageous and generous, action concepts like murder and betray, epistemic concepts like dogmatic and

Philosophy of History History is the study of the past in all its forms. Philosophy of history examines the theoretical foundations of the practice, application, and social consequences of history and historiography. It is similar to other area studies – such as philosophy of science or philosophy of religion – in two respects. Erste, philosophy of history utilizes the best theories in the core areas

La Sablière, Marguerite Hessein de (1640—1693) Madame de la Sablière made distinctive contributions to moral and religious philosophy in 17th century France. Her ethical theory implies that the natural moral virtues are disguised vices and that only the theological virtues can sustain an authentic moral life. Her moral rigorism appears in the severity with which she treats questions of moral agency and responsibility. In her

Russell’s Paradox Russell’s paradox represents either of two interrelated logical antinomies. The most commonly discussed form is a contradiction arising in the logic of sets or classes. Some classes (or sets) seem to be members of themselves, while some do not. The class of all classes is itself a class, and so it seems to be in itself. The null or empty class, Jedoch, must

Luck Winning a lottery, being hit by a stray bullet, or surviving a plane crash, all are instances of a mundane phenomenon: luck. Mundane as it is, the concept of luck nonetheless plays a pivotal role in central areas of philosophy, either because it is the key element of widespread philosophical theses or because it gives rise to challenging puzzles. Zum Beispiel, a common claim

Doxastischer Konservatismus Wir sind Wesen mit klaren kognitiven Einschränkungen. Unsere Erinnerungen sind endlich und die Art der Dinge, die wir speichern und abrufen können, ist begrenzt. Wir können nicht, Zum Beispiel, Erinnern Sie sich an die Rechtfertigung oder Beweise für viele unserer Überzeugungen. Darüber hinaus, als Reaktion auf unsere begrenzten kognitiven Ressourcen, Wir neigen im Allgemeinen dazu, an unseren Überzeugungen festzuhalten und zögern, sie zu ändern. Ein klares