Protagoras (fl. 5. Jh. v. Chr.) Protagoras von Abdera war einer von mehreren griechischen Denkern des 5. Jahrhunderts (darunter auch Gorgias, Hippies, und Prodikos) zusammen als die älteren Sophisten bekannt, eine Gruppe reisender Lehrer oder Intellektueller, die Experten in Rhetorik waren (die Wissenschaft des Redens) und verwandte Themen. Protagoras ist vor allem für drei Ansprüche bekannt (1) dass der Mensch das Maß aller Dinge ist (Welches ist

Theodor Adorno (1903–1969) Theodor Adorno war einer der bedeutendsten kontinentalen Philosophen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Obwohl er über ein breites Themenspektrum schrieb, Sein Hauptanliegen galt dem menschlichen Leid – insbesondere den Auswirkungen moderner Gesellschaften auf die menschliche Verfassung. Er wurde vor allem von Hegel beeinflusst, Marx, and Nietzsche. Er war mit dem Institut für Sozialforschung verbunden, in der Frankfurter Schule, Das war eine Sozialwissenschaft

Mind and Multiple Realizability The claim that mental types are multiply realizable has played an important role in supporting antireductionism in philosophy of mind. The multiple-realizability thesis implies that mental types and physical types are correlated one-many not one-one. A mental state such as pain might be correlated with one type of physical state in a human and another type of physical state in, sagen,

Natural Deduction Natural Deduction (ND) is a common name for the class of proof systems composed of simple and self-evident inference rules based upon methods of proof and traditional ways of reasoning that have been applied since antiquity in deductive practice. The first formal ND systems were independently constructed in the 1930s by G. Gentzen and S. Jaśkowski and proposed as an alternative to Hilbert-style axiomatic systems. Gentzen introduced a

Existence Since Thales fell into the well while gazing at the stars, philosophers have invested considerable effort in trying to understand what, how and why things exist. Even though much ink has been spilled about those questions, this article focuses on the following three questions: (1) What is the nature of existence? (2) Are there different ways/modes of existing? (3) Why does something exist instead