Aquin: Philosophical Theology In addition to his moral philosophy, Thomas von Aquin (1225-1274) is well-known for his theological writings. He is arguably the most eminent philosophical theologian ever to have lived. To this day, it is difficult to find someone whose work rivals Aquinas’ in breadth and influence. Although his work is not limited to illuminating Christian doctrine, virtually all of what he wrote is shaped by

Al-Shahrastānī (d. 1153 C.E.) Al-Shahrastānī (d. A.H. 548 / C.E. 1153) was an influential historian of religions and a heresiographer. He was one of the pioneers in developing a scientific approach to the study of religions. Al-Shahrastānī’ distinguished himself by his desire to describe in the most objective way the universal religious history of humanity. He was wrongly recognized as an “Ash‘arite” theologian; this is why

Atheism The term “atheist” describes a person who does not believe that God or a divine being exists. Worldwide there may be as many as a billion atheists, although social stigma, political pressure, and intolerance make accurate polling difficult. Hauptsächlich, atheists have presumed that the most reasonable conclusions are the ones that have the best evidential support. And they have argued that

Anaxarchos (c. 380 – c. 320 v. Chr.) Als Anhänger Demokrits, Anaxarchus entwickelte die skeptischen Tendenzen im Denken Demokrits. Obwohl unsere Informationen über ihn äußerst lückenhaft sind, Er ist eine Schlüsselfigur, die den Atomismus von Demokrit mit dem Skeptizismus von Pyrrho verbindet, wenn alten philosophischen Genealogien vertraut werden kann. Angeblich schaffte er das Kriterium der Wahrheit ab, indem er unsere Erfahrungen mit denen von Träumern und Verrückten verglich.

Bernard Lonergan (1904—1984) When we try to reconcile opposing moral opinions we usually appeal to shared ethical principles. Yet often enough the principles themselves are opposed. We may then try to reconcile opposing principles by clarifying how we arrived at them. But since most of our principles are cultural inheritances, discussions halt at a tolerant mutual respect, even when we remain convinced that the other

Hans Reichenbach (1891—1953) Hans Reichenbach was a leading philosopher of science, a founder of the Berlin circle, and a proponent of logical positivism (also known as neopositivism or logical empiricism). He is known for his philosophical investigations of Einstein’s theory of relativity, Quantenmechanik, the theory of probability, the nature of space and time, the character of physical laws, and conventionalism in physical science. Er war