Leibniz: Modal Metaphysics Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) served as the natural end of the rationalist tradition on the European continent, which included Descartes, Spinoza, und Malebranche. His philosophy was one of the major influences on…
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Neo-Platonism
Neo-Platonism Neo-platonism (or Neoplatonism) is a modern term used to designate the period of Platonic philosophy beginning with the work of Plotinus and ending with the closing of the Platonic Academy by the Emperor Justinian…
Arnold Geulincx (1624–1669)
Arnold Geulincx (1624–1669) Arnold (oder Arnout) Geulincx war ein frühneuzeitlicher flämischer Philosoph, der zunächst in Leuven lehrte (Löwen) Universität, floh jedoch aus den katholischen Niederlanden, als er dort 1658 entlassen wurde. He settled at…
Victor Kraft (1880—1975)
Victor Kraft (1880—1975) Victor Kraft was an Austrian philosopher and librarian. Er war, as he himself emphasized, a “non-orthodox” member of the Vienna Circle and tried to reintroduce scientific philosophy in Austria after the Second…
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469–1527)
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469–1527) Machiavelli war ein Florentiner Philosoph des 16. Jahrhunderts, der vor allem für seine politischen Ideen bekannt war. Seine beiden berühmtesten philosophischen Bücher, Der Prinz und die Diskurse über Livius, wurden nach seinem Tod veröffentlicht. Sein…
Aristoteles (384 v. u. Z. – 322 v. u. Z.)
Aristoteles (384 v. u. Z. – 322 v. u. Z.) Aristotle is a towering figure in ancient Greek philosophy, who made important contributions to logic, criticism, Rhetorik, Physik, biology, Psychologie, mathematics, Metaphysik, Ethik, und Politik. He was a student of Plato for twenty…
Cyrenaics
Cyrenaics The Cyrenaics are one of the minor Socratic schools. The school was founded by Aristippus, a follower of Socrates. The Cyrenaics are notable mainly for their empiricist and skeptical epistemology and their sensualist hedonism….
Sigmund Freud (1856—1939)
Sigmund Freud (1856—1939) Sigmund Freud, der Vater der Psychoanalyse, was a physiologist, medical doctor, psychologist and influential thinker of the early twentieth century. Working initially in close collaboration with Joseph Breuer, Freud elaborated the theory…
Legal Validity
Legal Validity Legal validity governs the enforceability of law, and the standard of legal validity enhances or restricts the ability of the political ruler to enforce his will through legal coercion. Western law adopts three…
Das Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Argument und die Bell-Ungleichungen
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument and the Bell Inequalities See the PDF Version. Author Information László E. Szabó Email: [email protected] Eötvös University Hungary