Mathematical Structuralism The theme of mathematical structuralism is that what matters to a mathematical theory is not the internal nature of its objects, such as its numbers, Funktionen, Sätze, or points, but how those objects…
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Argument
Argument The word “argument” can be used to designate a dispute or a fight, or it can be used more technically. The focus of this article is on understanding an argument as a collection of…
David Hume (1711–1776)
David Hume (1711–1776) „Hume ist unsere Politik, Hume ist unser Handwerk, Hume ist unsere Philosophie, Hume is our Religion.” This statement by nineteenth century philosopher James Hutchison Stirling reflects the unique position in intellectual thought…
Transmission and Transmission Failure in Epistemology
Transmission and Transmission Failure in Epistemology An argument transmits justification to its conclusion just in case, grob, the conclusion is justified in virtue of the premises’ being justified. An argument fails to transmit justification just…
Russell-Myhill Paradox
Russell-Myhill Paradox The Russell-Myhill Antinomy, also known as the Principles of Mathematics Appendix B Paradox, is a contradiction that arises in the logical treatment of classes and “propositions”, where “propositions” are understood as mind-independent and…
Kunst und Emotion
Kunst und Emotionen Es wird allgemein angenommen, dass die Fähigkeit von Kunstwerken, beim Publikum Emotionen zu wecken, eine völlig natürliche und unproblematische Tatsache ist. It just seems obvious that we can feel sadness or pity…
David Lewis (1941–2001)
David Lewis (1941–2001) David Lewis was an American philosopher and one of the last generalists, in the sense that he was one of the last philosophers who contributed to the great majority of sub-fields of…
Autonomy
Autonomy Autonomy is an individual’s capacity for self-determination or self-governance. Beyond that, it is a much-contested concept that comes up in a number of different arenas. Zum Beispiel, there is the folk concept of autonomy,…
Feminismus und Rasse in den Vereinigten Staaten
Feminismus und Rasse in den Vereinigten Staaten Dieser Artikel zeichnet die Geschichte der USA nach. Mainstream-feministisches Denken ausgehend von einer essentialistischen Vorstellung von Weiblichkeit, die auf dem normativen Modell der Erfahrungen weißer Frauen aus der Mittelschicht basiert, to a…
Internalism and Externalism in Epistemology
Internalism and Externalism in Epistemology The internalism-externalism (I-E) debate lies near the center of contemporary discussion about epistemology. The basic idea of internalism is that justification is solely determined by factors that are internal to…