Kontinentaler Rationalismus Der kontinentale Rationalismus ist eine retrospektive Kategorie, die zur Gruppierung bestimmter Philosophen verwendet wird, die im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert in Kontinentaleuropa tätig waren, insbesondere, Descartes, Spinoza, und Leibniz, especially as they can be…
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The Phenomenological Reduction
The Phenomenological Reduction There is an experience in which it is possible for us to come to the world with no knowledge or preconceptions in hand; it is the experience of astonishment. The “knowing” we…
William Edward Burghardt DuBois (1868–1963)
William Edward Burghardt DuBois (1868–1963) W. E. B. Du Bois war ein bedeutender amerikanischer Denker: ein Dichter, Philosoph, Wirtschaftshistoriker, Soziologe, und Gesellschaftskritiker. Seine Arbeit widersetzt sich einer einfachen Klassifizierung. This article focuses exclusively on…
Philosophie der Geisteskrankheit
Philosophie der Geisteskrankheit Die Philosophie der Geisteskrankheit ist ein interdisziplinäres Forschungsgebiet, das Ansichten und Methoden aus der Philosophie des Geistes kombiniert, Psychologie, Neurowissenschaften, and moral philosophy in order to analyze the…
Scientific Representation
Scientific Representation To many philosophers, our science is intended to represent reality. Zum Beispiel, some philosophers of science would say Newton’s theory of gravity uses the theoretical terms ‘center of mass’ and ‘gravitational force’ in…
Lambda Calculi
Lambda Calculi Lambda calculi (λ-calculi) are formal systems describing functions and function application. One of them, the untyped version, is often referred to as the λ-calculus. This exposition will adopt this convention. At its core,…
The Third Earl of Shaftesbury (1671—1713)
The Third Earl of Shaftesbury (1671—1713) Anthony Ashley Cooper, the Third Earl of Shaftesbury (1671-1713) was an English philosopher who profoundly influenced 18th century thought in Britain, Frankreich, and Germany. As a part of an…
Stoizismus
Stoicism Stoicism originated as a Hellenistic philosophy, founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium (modern day Cyprus), c. 300 B.C.E. It was influenced by Socrates and the Cynics, and it engaged in vigorous debates with…
Moral Realism
Moral Realism The moral realist contends that there are moral facts, so moral realism is a thesis in ontology, the study of what is. The ontological category “moral facts” includes both the descriptive moral judgment…
Design Arguments for the Existence of God
Design Arguments for the Existence of God Design arguments are empirical arguments for the existence of God. These arguments typically, though not always, proceed by attempting to identify various empirical features of the world that…